Stakeholder Project Organization

Stakeholder Project OrganizationThe Stakeholder would be some wiz who is relate, an engaged or interested in a find. Stakeholder is individuals or organizations that have a straight concentration in a service being provided. thither ar three categories of substance ab dropr primary, secondary and tertiary. deterrent exampleEmployees,customers, suppliers,Local community. 1.1 .1 PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERSPrimary stakeholders argon those people and themes ultimately who ar affected by the propose. That lead be differ depends on the types of ejection concerned and should be analyzed according to criteria such as gender, income levels, dependence on resources, etc. The primary stakeholders are the most underlying of the organization. plurality or group who are ultimately impacted either positively (beneficiaries) or negatively (for example, competitors). The users are those likely to be frequent hands on user of the organization. recitation Regional Nature Conservation AuthorityM inistry of Environment, Forestry, Regional Planning, etc Activity-Landowner and or residents in the forestForestry companiesTourism operatorRecreational and former(a) user 1.1.2 SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERSecondary stakeholders are the in considerati unitydiaries in the aid deli actually process. The secondary users are occasional user or those who use the system through an intermediary. People or groups who have a role in the decision making process without being directly affected by the outcome.ExampleLocal pipelineLandowner and residents not inside the protected area but nearEnvironment NGOs1.1.3 TERTIARY STAKEHOLDERTertiary users are those affected by the introduction of the system, or who entrust influence its purchase. Tertiary stake holder notify still have an influence, but are not directly involved.ExampleLocal effect leader Local mediaEcological department of universities, research institutesEnvironmental inserts or special programs of national media1.2. Scope Document The s cope document is a public term for any document that refines and defined the requirements aspect of the triple constraint of time, cost, and requirements.1.2.1 Purpose of a scope documentThe purpose of this document is to collect, analyze, and define high-level necessarily and features of that system. It focuses on the capabilities needed by the projects.The scope statement is generally confined to a few paragraphs or pages, the scope document may be a far more substantial document. It captures discipline from a variety of sources and places it in a single repository. As an alternative, it may largely be a document that provides reference to other documentation in other locations. Specifically identifying those locations and the randomness embedded in that documentation.1.2.2 Contents of a scope document executive director Summary It contains the general discipline about the project in a short summary documentation.Description of the Proposed Action The various types of act ion and processes will be taken to accomplish the project. The description of all those action and processes is documented here.Project Purpose, Need and BenefitsBackground and History of projectCornell and Public Need for the Proposed ActionObjectives of the projectBenefits that will be gain to meet the objective.NeighborhoodsConsideration about the line of merchandise competitors, about their natural process.Project Deliverables Description of all deliverables that will establish the successful boundary of the projectProject BoundariesThe project developing area is defined here with specifications.Resource needsThe resource that will be needed to complete the project successfully, all are documented here.CostContain specific plan about the cost estimates to prevent misunderstanding later.Payment planDefine when and how project instruction group should be paid for the projectTask-2Introduction There are some visual forms to help us our project. There are unlike gunpoints in t he development of the project and that layer can focused to use some visual form. While planning to develop a project many an(prenominal) factors and issues should be considered originally getting into the project and what are more stages in the total life unit of ammunition is vital for the successful implementation of the project and that stages are focused by the visual form. You can focus of all your project stage by using visual form. 2.1 Life Cycle Model-The term project lifecycle models how a project is planned control guide and monitored from its inception to its completion. Project life cycle model are not similar. To deliver a quality system, its small to know the essay of exposure facing your project and to use models that reduce those risks. Life cycle models describe the phase of the projects and the order in which those phase are executed. apiece phase produce deliverables required by the next stage in the life cycle. There are some life cycle models is Waterf all Model, V-shape model, verticillate model and etc.2.1.1 Waterfall Life Cycle ModelThe waterfall life cycle was the first attempt at the definition of software development life cycle. The concept of a waterfall in this model suggests that one stage is completed before the next one incites and the diagram on the nose direct that concept. Stage completion is judged by the outcome of the stage matching the requirements defined by the previous stage.RequirementsAnalysisDiagram Waterfall ModelRequirementsSpecification musical arrangement DesignCode TestImplementMaintenanceThe water model is very simple diagram. The model is showing some lifecycle activities. The waterfall model is very simple to use and easy to manage due to the inflexibility of the model because each stage has specified deliverables and a review processes. Those stages are completed one at a time. That is best for small project where requirement are much silent.2.1.2 V ModelThe life cycle models heart of the v-M odel. It describes the activity and crossroads in the V-Model. Just like the waterfall model, the v-shaped life cycle is a sequential path execution of processor. Each stage must be completed before the next stage begins. Testing is empha sized in this model more so than the waterfall model though. The testing procedures are developed early in the life cycle before any coding is done, during each of the phase preceding implementation.MaintenanceInitial ConceptRequirements definitionSoftware Design flesh out DesignCode Unit Test sufferance TestIntegration and TestTested SoftwareTested SystemTest ModulesDiagram The V ModelThe sequential lifecycle diagram is easy to understand, it easy to focus what the plan a project according to a sequential approach. The V-Model maintains the change control mature and they meets once a year and processes all received change request on the V-Model. That supports orient, at each project starts, the V-Model is tailoring into a specific project. The tailoring makes it possible because the V-Model is organization and project independent. The V-Model produces actual support on how to implement an activity. In each activity scheme there are instructions, recommendation and detailed explanation of the activ2.2. The Activity NetworksThe activity lucre is a proficiency for pictorial representing a project plan. It shows dependencies between all the activities that have to be created. The most of the essence(predicate) part of activity diagram is the Critical path. Activity networks find out the all activity and find out who activity dependence to others. And the process of creating network begins with the drawings up of dependance list. The processes assign independence to each intersection or activity and specifies it backwards dependency.EST Duration EFTActivity DescriptionLST Float LFT8 5 13E19 11 2422 2 24I22 0 2424 4 28J24 0 2828283 5 8C14 11 193 6 9G18 15 249 13 22H9 0 2213 7 20F15 2 229 4 13D11 2 130 3 3A0 0 33 6 9B3 0 900Diagram Activity NetworksThe activity networks show the activity by a box with sections used to hold key pieces of information. The show the activity starts time, finished time and there era. They show travel start time, finished time and there float. For example the boxes (nodes) A, B, C, D, E, etc represent the activities and the arrows, or connectors, represent the dependencies between the activities. And provide the information of which are activities are much more critical. The diagram contains the some visual information areEarliest Start and Finished TimeLatest Start and Finished TimeThe Critical directionDependency Type2.2.1 Earliest Start and Finished Time-Earliest Start Time (EST) The earliest points are shown when the activities are started. The next activities (box) earliest start time (EST) dependence on previous finished time (EFT).Earliest Finished Time (EFT) the earliest point are illustrate the activities finished time. The EFT depends on what the activities d uration. The activities duration calculate (EFT = EST + Duration) the EST and produce the Earliest Finished Time (EFT).2.2.2 Duration The diagram is show the activities duration. That is easy to find out which activities times are defined. The authorized point about this is that it is not until the activity network has been completed, and the dependencies combined with the estimated elapsed durations, that the project manager can be confident about the predicted elapsed duration and whether a specific end date is achievable or not.2.2.3 Latest Start Time and Finished-Latest Start Time (LST) They LST provide the information of the latest time that the activity in question can begin, without causing subsequent jobs to overrun.Latest Finished Time (LFT) The latest time that the activity in question can finish, without causing subsequent jobs to overrun.Float The earliest points are show the time of who much needs to time the activity are finished. They use to some mechanism to provide the information. Working backward through the network, the mechanism isLFT of an activity = LST of succeeding activity.LST of an activity = LFT Duration.2.2.4 Critical Path-The diagram (visual form) is very hypnotic you can easily find out which activities are critical. If any activity has no Float, as in the case you can understand that the activities are more critical and this called the Critical Path. That helps to the project. These activities are high risk, soThe superlative people can put on themThey can easily monitored frequently of the activityThe estimating can be re-examined for their liability to any risk of overrunning.2.2.5 Dependency TypeThe visual form can easily help us to find out the dependency of our project activities. That can show to which activities are depending to other. We have assumed that an activity cannot start until the previous one has finished. This is not always the case. Sometimes activities can overlap, for example, where one activity is cont rive programs and the successor is code programs these can go almost on parallel but there must be delay before the start of the letter activity.2.3. Mind affairs-Mind Map is diagram used to represent an expression of radiant thinking and is therefore a natural hold up of human judgement. This visual form is very interesting that can generate an imaging idea of any projects. Mind Mapping is useful technique that improves the way you take notes, and support and enhances your creative problem solving. By using Mind Maps, you can quickly identify and social organisation of a subjects and the way that pieces of information fit together, as well as recording the row facts contained in normal notes. Mind maps are tools which help you think and learn.FIG Mind Map2.3.1 Key Ideas in a projectThat is applied to every aspect of life where improved learning and clearer thinking will enhance human performance. The mind map has some inborn characteristicThe subject of attention is crystalli zed in a central imageThe man themes of the subject radiate from the central image of branchesBranches hold a key image/word printed on the associated line details radiate outThe branches from a connected model structureMind Maps are more compact than conventional note, often taking up one side of paper. This helps you to make associations easily. And if you find out more information after you have drawn the main Mind Map. Then you can easily add it in. Mind Map is also easily useful for privy summarized informationThat can easily Consolidating information from different research sourcesIts help to thinking through complex problems andPresenting your information in a design that shows the overall structure of your subjectTask-33.1. TUCKMAN TheoryBruce tuckman has provided the theory to develop a successful project group. There have five stage of group development. His research led him to determine four phase of group development those are-FormingStormingNormingPerformingAnd the la st stage is Adjourning.Forming personal relations are characterized by dependence in this stage.Storming in this stage, the characterized by achievement and argument in the personal relations dimensions an organization in the task-functions dimension.Norming in the stage, the interpersonal relations are characterized by cohesion.Performing This stage are not reached by all groups, if group members are grow to stage four, their ability, variety, and depth of personal relation are expand to true interdependence.Adjourning That stage involves the execution of task behaviors and disengagement from relationship.3.2. BELBIN TheoryDr Meredith Belbin defined a squad role as A prevailency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way. Belbin identified nine cluster of behaviors group, cost team role. Those are- Co-ordinator the co-ordinator may not stand out in a team and unremarkably does not have a sharp intellect.Shaper He or She will challenge, argue or disag ree and will display aggression in the pursuit of goal achievement. Two or three shaper in a group, according to Belbin, can lead to conflict, aggravation and in-fighting.Plant helplessnesses are a tendency to disregard practical details and argumentativeness.Resources Investigator Weakness are a tendency to lose interest after initial fascination with an idea, and they are not usually the source of original ideas.Company worker/implementation Implementers are conservative, inflexible and slow to respond to new possibilities.Monitor evaluator Weakness are that they appear dry and boring or even over-critical. They are not good at inspiring others. Those in high level appointments are often monitor evaluators.Team worker They tend to be indecisive in moments of crisis reluctant to do things that might hurt others.Completer finishers Weaknesses according to Belbin, are that they tend to be over anxious and have difficulty letting go and delegating work.Specialist their weaknesses are single-mindedness and a lack of interest in other peoples.3.3. MYERS_BRIGGS theory The Myers-Briggs personality typology, unlike some other typing theories such as the Enneagram or Four Temperaments, uses a combination of several aspects to arrive at a composite type, based on the interaction and relative weight of different behavioural and attitudinal factors. The types are expressed as combinations of four letters, as followsE or I (Extravert or Introvert)S or N (Sensing or iNtuitive)T or F (Thinking or Filling)J or P (Judging or Perceiving)E/I perceptiveness interest the world around you.S/N preference how you gather the information about the world.T/F preference how you evaluate that information.J/P preference your attitude to the world.These four pairs feed 16 possible combinations, some of which are more common I the state than others. I will use myself as the worked example in what follows as I am the nearest subject to hand.3.4. Knowledge from Tuckman, Belbin, and Myers- Briggs theory to develop a project team3.4.1 Tuckman theory Tuckman theories originally give me the knowledge of groups. How the way to observed group evolve, whether they were conscious of it or not. And I understand how to move the performed in the stage. The forming stage is describing the characters of each group members. And next stage they are comments to each other. Group might be happily Norming and performing stage because they are understood to each other.3.4.2 Belbin theory I collect the some information of Belbin theories. That is each team role has its particular strength and allow able weaknesses, and each has an essential contribute to make to a team. Every member needs different time to her/his roles.3.4.3 Myers-Briggs That theory simple to helps an aide-memoire for people who have done the profile, and give a flavor of how it works if its new to you. The theory helps to how we deal with the world around us. How you gather the information about the world and how you evaluate that information and your attitude. generally if Im a project manager wherefore I select and develop of an effective project team to follow some idea. First fall conk out every team members are polite behaviors and the members have more confident. And identifies the members are communicate more openly with each other and then I will make a project team. The members are keen to be accredited into team and look the team leader for guidance and direction. The members are eager to be accepted.3.5. happen of Team FailureThere are common problems- 3.5.1 No Trust between the Team Members That is most and effective problem to a group. When team members do not trust to each other or are suspicious of each others motives, the end result is a team that is not be in its approach. So we are assessment the team members are related to each other.3.5.2 Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meeting Some of important time all team members comes to attend the meeting. The meeting is one of the most critical aspects of the team process with strategies and innovative to problems emerging during this time.3.5.3 Poor Role pellucidity When roles are not clearly defined, this can lead to conflict and confusion on tasks. So team member can not understand what exactly is expected of each of them. So identify who is responsible to each tasks and identify they are confidently done this tasks.3.5.4 Poor Time Management A team should plan its goal and activities whilst keeping time constraints and deadlines in mind, otherwise their efficiency level in managing and implementing a task can suffer. While a team analysis any task they should define who many times are needed to each task. They are trying to finish that task proper time.3.5.5 Losing center of Business Objective If every member can unclear the goals of team so they lose of directions and lose of focus efficiency products. And turn lead to incorrectly prioritized activities. While a team can identify their g oals they can lead better direction and focus the efficient products.3.5.6 Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and flawed Company Policies If a team can fail to reservations in market condition 3.6. Risk Matrix This is the simple method to raise visibility of risk and assist the management to make decision against all the risk that arise. It is a graphical representation of information normally found in existing risk logs. Risk matrix is easy to use, unless they are designed properly HighMediumLowHighMediumLowConsequenceLikelihoodAAABBBCCCFIG Risk Estimation Matrix (From MBP book of NCC Education)3.6.1 Notes How to assess the Risk of team failure.A risk assessment is simply a careful checking of what, and identify of any event that if occurred. It may be negatives or positives in our team. There are many reasons for a team can breakdown. So we are researched before making a team.That helps get greater strategic thinking and enhances creativeness the proper resolving when a team failure.3.7. Contingency Plan The contingency plan helps to identify what I will do if the risk occurs.The points are discussed here encapsulate the key issues that can lead to team failure. Team managers and team leaders have to take measures to protect the team from these chains that can wind up themselves around the team and collapse its performance. Diagnosing is the first step to solving the problem. Some of the issues such as role clarity or losing focus of concern objectives can be solved by a discussion with the team members. Some of the other problems like poor trust, poor time management, and poor team interaction can be better tackled through team building exercises.Lets now look at the other side of the points, success. If success is what the team is after, then what is it that is expected of teams? What should they do to be successful? Understand their goals Interact, communicate effectively, explore ideas and innovative approaches Be loyal, co-operative, willing to s hare information and lend a dowery hand Understand market realities and develop a sound strategy Keep time frames in mind Know their responsibility within the team and focus on results All this may seem like a tall order but is actually achievable. Everybody on a team is by nature equipped to deal with these factors, the only exception being flawed company policies, which is up to corporate management to resolve.When teams in an organization show problems, then the solution may lie in a deeper analysis of the problem and exploring the areas mentioned above to find a solution.Task 4Validation and hitch is the process of checking that the product.4.1. Verification4.1.1 DefinitionAm I building the product right?The process of determining whether or not the products of given phase of the software development cycle fulfill the requirement established during the previous phase4.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of Verification is to ensure that selected products meet specified requirements. The i nterpretation of this process area for pedigree development is to ensure business development work products meet specified objectives and criteria. A key work product is the customer design. It should be verified that it meets customer-specified needs by conducting a readiness.4.1.3 ImportanceIt is important to verify that the business development products meet the external customers needs. Verification increases the likelihood that offered products and services will be accepted by the customer, but it does not guarantee success. Verification is necessary but not sufficient.The business development pass should allow in verification milestones throughout the process. Does the purpose meet the buyers specification? What are the risks in the proposal? Do marketing collateral and advertising meet the defined goals and objectives of the campaign?These types of question arise in a project for verification.4.1.4 Featuresverification addresses whether the work product properly reflects the specified requirementsVerification includes verification of the product and intermediate work products against all selected requirements, including customer, product and product component requirements.Verification is inherently an incremental process because it occurs throughout the development of the product and work products,Verification of work products substantially increases the likelihood that the product will meet the customer, product, and product component requirements.4.2. Validation4.2.1 Definition Am I building the right product?Validation is the process that checks the product design satisfies and fits. That provides a high degree of assurance that a product, services, and system accomplished its intended usage you built the right product.There are few terms uses in administration processCode verification/TestingFunction validation/TestingUser acceptance Testing or system validation4.2.2 PurposeThe purpose of Validation is to demonstrate that a product fulfills i ts intended use when placed in its intended environment. The interpretation of this process area for business development is to validate and to demonstrate that a campaign product or service fulfills its intended use in support of the business development campaign objectives.4.2.3 ImportanceThe proposal is a key product of the marketing effort. Prospective customers base their decisions largely on the organizations proposal. Because knowing how to develop a good proposal is critical core competency for business development, it is important to evaluate the readiness of the offer before it is submitted to the customer.The following types of question may in project for validation.What is the size of the market?Is the market growing or contracting?What influences this movement4.2.4 Featuresvalidation can be applied to work products as well as to the product and product componentsValidation is to demonstrate that a product or product component fulfills its intended use when placed in its intended environment.Validation demonstrates that the product, as provided, will fulfill its intended use4.3. Verification and Validation in a Project Lifecycle The need and importance of verification and validation in a project are stated below with a life cycle model.The V-model Operation TestStress TestBusiness AnalysisRequirements Definition usable DesignTechnical DesignProgrammingSource CodeTechnical DesignFunctional DesignSystem RequirementsBusiness Requirements Live SimulationAcceptance TestSystem TestLink TestUnit TestEnvironment TestSPECIRYING TESTINTERMEDIATE PRODUCTVERIFYING SRAGE4.3.1 Verification and validation in V modelHere validation is taken in the primary stage which named requirements specification to check all the information in stainless and exact for build the project. With the information of previous stage the design stage is developed. Verification is done after the design process to develop evidence of design solution requirements compliance. A shorthand s tatement of the meaning of verification is commonly voiced as, Am I building the product right? Verification technique aims to detect and aid the designer to correct mistake during the product developments.. After the design is verified, the conceptual model and its associated design are converted into code or hardware by the developer. Code verification and hardware checkout ensure that the detailed design is being implemented correctly in the code or hardware respectively. Code verification normally entails detailed desk checking and software testing of the code, comparing it to the detailed design, documenting any discrepancies and fixing any problems discovered. Other important activities include participating in code testing, audits, walkthroughs, and inspections validating input data preparing complexity report conducting code analysis and verifying code structure. Integration checking also sorted out by verification testing to address that is all component of the product or part is integrated properly and accurately. Validation and verification are present throughout all the phase of product life cycle and are composed of a wide variety of activities. The validation and verification activities are detection and correction of errors. In incremental assessment, which verification and validation activities provide at each phase of the process model. The information gives the progressive view of the productivity of the development process and quality of the product.4.3.2 In a project life cycle verification and validation can arise in different stages. Those are mentioned below RequirementsInterface requirementsDevelopmental plansConfiguration Management PlanQuality Assurance PlansStudies and Analyses4.3.3 Checking Procedure of verification and validationChecked all the item that may need for the project developmentRequirement are checked through validationTest all the module for integrating correctlyDesign of the development mu