See the description box Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

See the description box - Coursework Example It was a kind of revenge. Nevertheless, he was able to hit the shopper and not his ex-girlfriend. Knowing that it was a street, a public area, Charlie could have exercised an extra care in throwing the stone. Presumably, he was drunk so he was not able to consider the required duty of care. He was intoxicated. To note, the shopper was blinded in one eye. The question now would focus on his criminal liability if any in the instant scenario. Charlie could actually make any of the following as his defence against the shopper: (1) he did not intend to hit the shopper-- it was unintentional; (2) he was intoxicated -- this could mean that he was not in his right mind when he executed the act; (3) it was purely incidental -- he had nothing to do with the situation. On the other hand, the police officer could choose any of the following to defend himself and prove his innocence: (1) he gave a warning to Charlie; (2) he decided to fire at Charlie since he did not listen; (3) he did not intend to kill the shopper -- the killing was unintentional. To this extent, Charlie could refute the second defence of the police as he was hard of hearing. The Principles of Actus Reus and Mens Rea In determining criminal liability, there are two factors that should be considered, â€Å"actus reus† and â€Å"mens rea.† In British law, there is a need to prove the existence of the two factors so as to judge an accused as criminally liable. Stated in another sense, there should be a direct relation between the criminal’s mind and action. The prosecutors should be able to show that the accused really intended to commit the criminal act. It would be plausible to state then that if they could not prove the presence of the two factors, the accused should be absolved from any criminal liability. Nevertheless, there are certain exceptions to this rule. It could happen that the criminal does not really have the intention to commit the crime as he or she was forced to do so o r was just unaware of the consequences of his or her act. Self-defence and insanity illustrate this situation. Both are actually lawful justifications in a criminal complaint. There will be no unlawful act if an accused successfully proves either of the two defences in court. As explained by Allen, where a particular defence functions as an excuse to the accused’s criminal conduct, such act is negated as it would be deemed to have been the proper course of action in the situation in which the accused found himself or herself.1 As such, the accused would not face the normal effects of conviction and sentencing flowing from the wrong conduct requiring mens rea.2 To properly assess the instant scenario, it would be appropriate to tackle first the principle on actus reus. Actus reus actually refers to the external or outside elements of the offence.3 Specifically, it refers to the elements of a crime which are to be established and proven by the prosecution other than the mens re a.4 The essential difference between the two principles of criminal law (actus reus and mens rea) is that actus reus is related to criminal acts while mens rea is associated with the state of mind or criminal mind. Stated otherwise, the first is to action whereas the second is to intellect. Nonetheless, there are crimes in which criminal intent is one of its essential elements like murder. In the case at hand, Charlie's act towards his ex-girlfriend was an assault, a common assault under section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act of 1988.5 An assault is actually

Discuss Mark Twain's portrayal of women in Adventures of Huckleberry Essay

Discuss Mark Twain's portrayal of women in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Essay Example While most of the characters represent various members of the male society, there are a significant number of women who play an essential role within the novel. For Twain, there seems to be basically three types of women – the harridan, the sweetly stereotypical Victorian housewife and the intelligent. These types are portrayed within the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn through the characters of Miss Watson as the spinsterly old maid, the older Wilks sisters as the properly trained young ladies and the intelligent Mrs. Judith Loftus and Joann Wilks comprising the final set. In the very opening of the book, Twain introduces us to the two most common type of women, the Widow Douglas and her sister Miss Watson. The image we get of Miss Watson is rather grim. She is â€Å"a tolerable slim old maid, with goggles on† who immediately â€Å"took a set at me now with a spelling-book. She worked me middling hard for about an hour, and then the widow made her ease up† (3). While the Widow Douglas is seen as interfering in that she insists on trying to ‘sivilise’ Huck, Miss Watson is nagging in her criticisms. â€Å"Miss Watson would say, ‘Don’t put your feet up there, Huckleberry;’ and ‘Don’t scrunch up like that, Huckleberry – set up straight;’ and pretty soon she would say, ‘Don’t gap and stretch like that, Huckleberry – why don’t you try to behave?’† (4). She is such an unpleasant woman to be around that Huck decides he’d rather go to †˜the bad place’ rather than the good place where Miss Watson has announced she will go. This depiction of her makes it not so surprising that she is an old maid rather than a widow. In contrast to Miss Watson, her sister the Widow Douglas is an older version of the types of girls that Huck meets while on his adventures. The Wilks sisters have been bred to be so

Introduction to Computer Networks TCPIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Computer Networks TCPIP - Essay Example If IP works so well, why a need is felt to change The primary motivation for change arises from the limited address space. When IP was defined, only a few compute networks existed. The designers decided to use 32 bits for an IP address because doing so allowed the Internet to include over a million networks. However, with a rapid exponential growth in the global Internet, the primary motivation for defining a new version of IP arose from the address space limitation, as larger addresses are necessary to accommodate continued growth of the Internet. Besides addressing, the most common problems faced by the TCP/IP were routing and connectivity issues. Secondary motivations for changes in IP have risen from new Internet applications. For example, applications that deliver audio and video need to deliver data at regular intervals. To keep such information flowing through the Internet without disruption, IP must avoid changing routes frequently. Although the current IP datagram header includes a field that can be used to request a type of service, the protocol did not define a type of service that can be used for real-time delivery of audio and video. New applications are being developed that require more complex addressing and routing capabilities. Thus, a new version of IP needs to include mechanisms that make addressing and routing possible. (Douglas) The current version of IP, which possesses the main drawback of address space, routing and connectivity, is version 4 so it is referred to as Ipv4. Ipv6 is the official name of IPng (Internet Protocol next generation) Features of Ipv4 and Ipv6 1. Connectionless - each datagram contains a destination address, and each datagram is routed independently. 2. The header in a datagram contains a maximum number of hops the datagram can take before being discarded. 3. Ipv4 places key information in fixed fields of the header and only appends variable-length options for less important information while Ipv6 header is always of variable size. (Douglas) Reasons for changing Ipv4 to Ipv6 Larger and better Network management of Address Space: The most considerable reason for the decision of changing from Ipv4 to Ipv6 is the smooth management of the IPv6 network. As the answer to the lack of address space, IPv6 holds a potential for a network the size of which has never been seen before. The manner in which the network is managed will to a great extent determine whether this huge network will function. The main objectives, which are visualized in network management, would be: 1. Display the distinct hierarchy embedded in the IPv6 address architecture, 2. Show topographical data simultaneously to the hierarchy, 3. Make peripheral data easily available, and 4. In doing so, aid in the process of network management. Ipv6 research and ideology basically revolves around network management. This is because most of the problems in IPv4, which IPv6 is created to

BUS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUS - Essay Example d direct communication between different ranks within the restaurant hierarchy, the staff was aware of restaurant’s vision, and everyone saw all the achievements and failures of colleagues. Nevertheless, the main weakness of this construct in the reality was that the personality of manager did not fit this role. In my case, these meetings turned to suffering. Every day, we were bored listening how the most experienced waiters discussed their achievements with manager, while the others we blamed for their mistakes. In addition, the vision of restaurant melted in the details our manager noticed. Thus, it is crucial to maintain fragile balance within the quality management not to destroy its effectiveness. This situation showed that quality management is not only about boring daily meetings. On the contrary, it is about the way the leader understands his mission in providing the highest quality services to customers. If he is incapable to comprehend it, quality management does not work

Marketing Case Philadelphia Phillies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Philadelphia Phillies - Case Study Example ntangible products involve an on-going relationship between the organization and its individual customers that begins before and continues after the sale (chap.1). However, marketing a service needs to have a more intensified and careful relationship with the customer than marketing a product, because with the former, you come in contact with your clients and your customers. In short, when marketing a product, customers would just be concerned about the performance of the product and not with who manufacture them, but with service, customers should have to like the seller or the company (www.businessknowledgesource.com). In terms of segmentation, marketing a product would be much easier than marketing a service such as the Philadelphia Phillies. The aggregating of prospective buyers to market a product would result to different products variants, suiting the specific need of its aggregate or market segment (chap.9). So, for a toothpaste example, we expect a variant for the kids with probably sweeter taste and for the adults with more fluoride and a stronger flavour. But after this, you can just leave your product on shelf, without really creating a customized or personalized product. This is where the difference between marketing a service and a product, lies, as in service the offering should be customized or personalized. For the Philadelphia Phillies for example, people can range from diehard fans, to kids 14 years and below, to those who are 15 years old and above, to senior citizens, young professionals and to corporate and community groups. Since they have different needs, the value that the c ustomer gets from attending a baseball game in the stadium should fulfil their individual needs and wants. Using the 4 Ps analysis, services will also differ with products, specifically in terms of promotion and sales. Products can be advertised through popular tri-media channels such as television, services such as Philadelphia Phillies are not. Promotion for a

In What Ways Globalisation Involves a Complex Cultural Process Essay

In What Ways Globalisation Involves a Complex Cultural Process - Essay Example As the paper declares global culture involves promoting life-style, consumption, products, and identities. Transnational corporations deploy advertising to penetrate local markets, to sell global products, and to overcome local resistance.† An example of the global culture is the way MTV is being marketed in the more conservative, less boisterous Asian markets. There are still millions of people in the country-side who do not know what MTV is, and would never accept such a concept. However, MTV has succeeded in penetrating the urban market and has vastly increased the generation-gap between the middle-aged population – who resist MTV and do not want the youth to adopt MTV culture – and the youth – who now have no connection with their traditional cultural values and have accepted the MTV culture. This paper stresses that not always does globalisation adversely affect the society. Many a time, when a society is globalised, it retains its local character while assimilating the external influence. This leads to a very positive change called ‘cultural diversity. â€Å"More and more Individuals stress their multicultural biographies, from writers like Salman Rushdie to Tiger Woods, shooting star of the international golf sport, who calls himself "Cablinasian" to point out his ancestry in black, Indian and Asian cultures.† This cultural diversity may, in turn, evolve new enduring local cultures and thus contribute to the development and evolution of an already existing local culture.

Corporate Strategy - HBOS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Strategy - HBOS - Essay Example It was the HBOS Group Reorganisation Act 2006, a private Act of Parliament, which gives more operational freedom to the group. With this Bank of Scotland has become its principal banking subsidiary. It has three more subsidiaries such as Halifax plc, HBOS Australia and HBOS Insurance and Investment Group Limited. While Halifax operates as retail banking division in Scotland, England and Northern Ireland, Bank of Scotland is main retail banking division in Scotland. Formed in 2004, HBOS Australia is a consolidation of group's companies in Australia. HBOS Insurance and Investment group manages insurance and investment products in UK and Europe. HBOS is launched as a 'New Force' in banking and claimed as a major and distinctive new competitor in the UK financial service markets. It has about 22 million customers all over the world and unique expertise of the global banking scenario. It has three strong divisions of retail banking, corporate banking and investment. It is believed that su ccessful acquisition and integration of many banking units has helped HBOS to emerge as a major financial conglomerate in Europe. Its average growth is around 10 percent. It operates under a number of well known brands. Businesses that actively pursue innovation generate more growth and profits than those that do not. This process will give the institution higher brand awareness and appeal. Last few years HBOS has been introducing innovative and customer oriented measures to achieve this goal. This has given it an upper hand in the industry. In its long years of existence it has been adding up more products and services to cater to the different needs of the people. The globalization, liberalization and privatization process has opened up new opportunities and challenges for the bank. The bank has entered into new markets with a global vision. In the recent period, it has grown to become a leading financial mall and global finance retail network. The market capitalization of the group is the fourth largest in UK. With assets of over 400 billion, HBOS is UK's largest mortgage and savings provider. It has several high profile brands including Bank of Scotland, Halifax, Birmingham Midshires, Intellige nt Finance and Clerical Medical. But with globalization is turning to new trajectory challenges and opportunities before banks such as HBOS are crucial and thought provoking. Financial sphere of the world has changed a lot with free flow of fund and resources from continent to continent or countries to countries. Financial institutions are now compelled to find new models of growth. There are lot of pressure from investors, shareholders, promoters and customers for fulfilling growing expectations. But squeezing margins, impact of technology and increasing competition are compelling banks to reduce cost as low as possible. Today's banking has more global behavior than local flavour. The management has to taken into consideration lot of global and demographic issues before giving shape to a product, service or strategy. The risk management has got more concentration among bankers. Also expectations of customers are growing more with peer bank competition. Most of the banks in Western countries have now entered into hi gh potential new destinations such as India, China and North American countries. They are also adapting both organic and inorganic growth models to survive in the new context. Today's financial service industry is facing lot of problems. While they have to drive the business